Gender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality - 1697 Words

On June 10th 1963, the Equal Pay Act was passed. This was the first time that it became illegal for women to be paid less wages than men, but this paper will argue in the U.S. today the gender wage gap still exists. The definition of gender wage gap as stated by the U.S. government is defined as women who work full time or salary based jobs who receive less earnings than their male counterparts who work equal level jobs (â€Å"Equal Pay,† n.d.).[] This analysis will focus on the years of 2012 to 2014, and in these years it is clear that the gender wage gap exists. The topic of gender wage gap sociologically important for many reasons. The most obvious being that women who are in a position that requires them to provide for others will have less money than they should based on their job and skill set. Secondly, being that if women are making less than men for the same amount of skill and work, the workplace is telling the woman that the man is more valuable for the same work, t hus saying that the man is superior to the woman. All in all, the gender wage gap has poor sociological implications, and the data analysis in the following paper will prove its existence. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is the most primary form of data in terms of earnings in the U.S. They have an intense, unbiased process in order to obtain information from the economy in the U.S. It starts with a field economist from the BLS obtains information from an establishment and based on many factorsShow MoreRelatedGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe gender wage gap is defined as the relative difference in earnings between men and women in the economy as a whole. For every dollar a man makes, his female counterpart makes roughly seventy-seven cents. Even if a men and women have the same educational background and work history the man will go home with a higher paycheck than the woman. This may actually lead to tension in the workplace and cause conflict in the office. This also includes female dominated industries- most notably, nursingRead MoreGender Wage Gap Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay1880 Words   |  8 PagesArmando Suqui -Carchi Professor Pantano English 201 13 December 2016 Gender Wage Gap Inequality The gender wage inequality topic is one that has quietly laid in Americas closet of problems for decades. A female worker in Louisiana makes on average an alarming sixty-six cents compared to the dollar a man makes in twenty sixteen. When a father comes home after a forty-hour long work week making fifteen dollars an hour, he will open up a paycheck to six hundred dollars. When a mother comes home afterRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gender Wage Gap is defined as the different amounts of money that is paid to women and men, often for doing the same work. Women who work full time, year round earn 77 cents for every dollar that men earn. Over a year women make $11,500 less than men and throughout their life this wage gap can affect women by making them earn anywhere from $400,000-$2 million less than men do. (Miller 2008, 6) The wage gap varies for women of different races. On average African-American women are paid 60 centsRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality2164 Words   |  9 Pages Throughout history, discrimination has wielded its ugly head in many different forms. Things such as, but not limited to, race, religion, appearance, beliefs and gender have consistently oppressed minorities. A continual discrimination that the women of the world are dealing with takes place in what has been promised to be a fair and unprejudiced environment: the work place. This issue deals with women not being paid the same amount of money as men even though they may be equally, if not more soRead MoreThe Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Women as a minority group concerning the wage gap, also known as the gender pay gap, is an older phenomenon that has gradually become more of a topic of concern since the 1960s. The wage gap is recognized as the difference between male and female earnings that is identified as a percentage of male earnings. In 1963 the Equal Pay Act was instituted declaring that it would be illegal to pay women lower wages simply based on their gender. The wage gap remains a popular area of active and innovativeRead MoreGender Wage Gaps And Gender Inequality1115 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Boris Hirsch and associates, gender wage gaps should vary among densely populated regions and less densely populated regions. Using an estimating Mincerian earnings function that controls for individual characteristics and reflecting the productivity of the worker, we are able to get the ceteris paribus of the gender pay gap that will not be able to be explained by any differences in the productivity of work ers. They also used the approach developed by Oaxaca and Blinder which estimatedRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality855 Words   |  4 Pages In general, the wage gap has narrowed at a slow, and uneven, pace over last three decades. Recent data shows that women in the American workforce earn 77 cents for every dollar a man earns (Trevino). The existence of this â€Å"gender wage gap† has been an issue since women entered the workforce. The ongoing issue of the past has now become an apparent problem in our modern-day, progressive society. Women nowadays have opportunities that were not obtainable in past decades but must overcome, or ignoreRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagespay† by Lanier Isom is about the gender wage gap. The gender wage gap is the difference between male and female earnings. Isom basically states in this article that the wage gap exists because of gender, however many experts state that the wage gap simple does exists do to a factor such as gender, but of multiple factors. These factors being that the statistics presented in favor of a Wage gap ar e incorrect and manipulated to seem correct. That the so called wage gap may be in fact do to the choiceRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesGender Wage Gap Lydia Ogles November 2016 Introduction/Abstract The gender wage gap has been a nationwide problem since women were able to enter the workforce. Women have begun to speak out more about the issue and evaluate what they can do to change the industries and how they personally present themselves to help this change. Currently there is a wide range of opinions on this issue, with some saying it does not exist while others think it will ruin the economy if not fixed immediately. This makesRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Wage Gap2375 Words   |  10 PagesThis is known as gender income difference i.e. the ratio of female to male median yearly earnings among full time year round workers. It is also the average difference between men’s and women’s hourly earnings, the gender pay gap has grown from 14.8 per cent last year to 19.7per cent this year, overtime not included.( Warren 2005) .Studies have shown that this gap has increased over the years, hence widening the gap in the society. These figures must act as a wake-u p call for the government. Women’s

Medical Sociology Essay - 3862 Words

Medical Sociology Introduction That the medical field is facing very difficult challenges, some of which are old and many which are new, is nothing new to the public. Issues such as the lack of health care coverage for everyone, the high cost of medical care and the growing distance between health care professionals and patients are only few highlights of this crisis. What is different about our current crisis is the approach that is taken in order to solve these problems. Present discussion of the health care crisis centers around economic and political issues, and moreover, many health care workers and sociologists are concerned that such a discussion has shifted the emphasis away from the people in the system--the patients and†¦show more content†¦Theory and general practices of medical sociology Before applications of medical sociology are addressed, a look at the theory and general practice of medical sociology is appropriate. The theory of sociology concerns understanding the meaning of social action which comprises the subjective elements of human beings; it explores human beings and their relationship to social agencies and the hierarchical structures of society which determine the quality of that relationship; and it addresses questions of social order in the midst of disruptive and disorganizing elements in society (Turner, 1987, p. 3, emphasis added). When applied to medicine, sociology becomes the means by which health care personnel can see the whole picture, including historical, economical, cultural, and political forces. There has been a controversy surrounding the authority of medical sociology as a critical voice of the current health system. First is the concern that most of the medical sociologists do not go to medical school; they are not trained professionals. However, many view this prejudice as a historical and social power problem. For instance, in the past, the doctors word was not questioned or scrutinized as itShow MoreRelatedMedical Sociology Is Usually Referred To As The Sub Branch1539 Words   |  7 Pages Medical sociology is usually referred to as the sub branch of sociology that explores and analyses the social causes and subsequent outcomes pertaining to health and illness (Cockerham, 2014). In this context mention may be made of the health status of individuals and populations that are not uniform and consistent thereby leads to inequity. The factors governing these disparities do not necessarily emanate from the genetic predispositions of the concerned person but is largely depe ndent upon factorsRead MoreWhat Is It To Be Convincing? At First, This Appears As1750 Words   |  7 Pagesoptions. That is, it is a general question asking on what grounds will someone be â€Å"truly† willing to change their beliefs? Another possibility is to read it specifically in relation to the context of the title of this preface: what makes cognitive sociology convincing? To follow the general interpretation strategy, it seems important to know whether this is a question of philosophy or the arts. If it is one of philosophy, the answer would bring in the sub-field of epistemology that studies theoriesRead MoreA Sociological Theory Of Health And Illness1668 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve that medical profession is fundamental part of this unit and plays the most important role in the development of the society. Functionalist believes that medical profession possess the highest status in the society. It is because of their strenuous and long period of study, deferred gratification and vital role they play in the society by dealing with sick people, and treating them equally, professionally and ethically. Functionalists emphasized on the recognition of medical professionalsRead MoreThe Sociology Of Health And Illness1292 Words   |  6 Pagesexplains that Medical sociology or the sociology of health and illness is majorly based on the empiricist philosophy which uses the measurement of objectives for quantitative change. Lupton (2012) traces that early in its development, medical sociology inherited rationalist approach for its acceptance as semi-scientific methodology and by virtue of which is considered as a component of social medicine rather than critical sociology and theRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesa society with the society as a whole. Most people refer to sociology as the study of how people or individuals interact with each other. In order to fully understand sociology and the concept of the sociological imagination as proposed by C. Wright Mills, one has to be able to envision the individual and the society working together to better understand the role each plays in the social order. C. Wright Mills states that Sociology must make a connection between the individual and the socialRead MoreThe Study Of Human Social Relationships And Institutions873 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Sociological Association Sociology; there are only so many ways to define this term and one of them according to The University of North Carolina, is â€Å"the study of human social relationships and institutions.† A sociologist’s on the other hand is someone who works as a professor, researcher, or consultant on sociological issues. For all the sociologists in the world, what they are simply trying to do in the most basic sense is understand society. There are hundreds of people who dedicateRead MoreAsdfghjkl894 Words   |  4 PagesSociology Research Area * * Aging and the Life Course * Alcohol and Substance Abuse * Asia amp; Asian America * Collective Behavior and Social Movements * Community and Urban Sociology * Comparative and Historical Sociology * Sociology and Computers * Crime, Law amp; Deviance * Economic Sociology * Environment amp; Technology * Family amp; Marriage * History of Sociology * International Migration * Latino/aRead MoreSociology, Race, And Social Classes1154 Words   |  5 PagesArielis Gonzalez SOCI 110 March 8, 2017 Sociology Sociology is the study of diverse subjects in a society which includes: religion, race culture, and social classes. It also involves the study of the behavior of people and all the changes that happen in society. In each social setting, there are shared beliefs which also change through time. Sociology informs us of the making of policies which tend to improve the lives of people in a setting. It provides distinct perspectives to generate new ideasRead MoreBio-Medicine1004 Words   |  5 Pages Sociology is the study of human interaction and organisation of society; it is often areas which are problematized in need of provision. It can be explained that health and illness are simply biological descriptions of the state of our bodies. The structures of the body have been mapped out through genetics. This is ever closer inspection of the body or as Foucault 1977 would suggest through this ‘medical gaze’ which has brought considerable power to the medical profession. The sociology ofRead MoreHealth: A Major Social Issue1425 Words   |  6 Pageswhen they are ill. The sick role allows the person to be exempt from normal social obligations and to not be blamed for being ill, while also requiring that the person attempts to return to being healthy as soon as possible and complies with the medical profession ( Moore, 2008, p282). Therefore illness has a social dimension, in that it is viewed as a hindrance to the functioning of society. Parsons’ theory has been criticised by other sociologists for many reasons, such as the fact that it does

The Interpretation Of The Lab Results †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: How Results Are Interpreted? Answer: The interpretation of the lab results really begins with clinician requesting the right test for a particular problem being faced. The expectation is that the lab result shall give information which shall support the judgment on subsequent treatment. The actions that clinicians will take hinges on the clinicians understanding of lab result and how to react to the information. The brain-to-brain cycle starts from considering a lab analysis to interpretation and to the clinicians actions. 2 The clinicians using this cycle must be knowledgeable of preanalytical parameters, biochemical tests, biological variation, appropriate time when to have the appropriate sample taken, analytical parameters, accuracy, diagnostic sensitive and specificity, postanalytical parameters, clinical decision limits, failure rates and clinical interpretation. The medical lab test entail analyzing samples of blood, urine and or other body fluids or tissues to better understand the health state of a person. Certain lab test give clear information regarding particular health matter while others give additional general information. The doctor merges information from medical lab tests with the physical examination, health history and additional diagnostic tests like x-rays or ultrasound prior to coming up with the diagnosis. However, learning what the ones lab results imply particularly common blood and urine test is helpful in better understanding more regarding the systems and how the body is functioning. Using an example of blood, the following are critical to interpretation; learning about what a CBC is, learning about cholesterols panels, appreciating what the CMP is, understanding blood glucose tests. 1 Standard Reporting Systems The reporting can either be Manual or electronic. The typical lab report must have specified sections identified by titles. The report will entail title, introduction, procedure, results and discussions/conclusion. These section headings are in boldface when typed in computer. The title usually draw the attention of readers to the reporters work and precisely represents the presented work. 3 The introduction states the purpose of the test in general terms. The procedure indicates the properties or parameters of what is being measured. Results show the findings of the test while the discussion/conclusion presents the findings from the tests, evaluation of objectives, and stating discrepancies. Recommendations Once the tests results have been interpreted and the report is drawn, the person will recommend the possible disease that could be affecting the person and even additional advanced tests that can be carried out for further information. The Process of Issuing the Final Report Laboratory Medicine After completing the report and having given the recommendations, the person reporting must ensure that every issue is taken into consideration by going through the entire report and confirming whether everything is in order and free from omissions. It is only then that the final lab report can be issued to the concerned persons. Discuss the potential for misinterpretation by the requesting practitioner if these processes and policies are not followed Failure by the requesting practitioner can lead to potential misinterpretation if policies and processes are violated. Frequent misinterpretation of lab result happen in daily clinical practice for example, in the analysis of enzymes, hormones, electrolyte in serum or plasma. There are also potential errors in urinalysis and inadequate sampling of blood specimen. Lab results can as well be misinterpreted in presence of EDTA-induced pseudothrombocytenia alongside of irregular immunoglobulins. Sample Report: The Complete Blood Count Sample Report References Gelfand CA, Yi J, Ju G, inventors; Becton, Dickinson, assignee. Method for diagnosing diseases using a protein or degradation product based on half-life. United States patent US 8,735,085. 2014 May 27. Ichise M, inventor; The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York, assignee. Methods for diagnosing diseases and evaluating treatments therefor using pet. United States patent application US 14/178,406. 2014 Feb 12. Squires JH, England E, Mehta K, Wissman RD. The role of imaging in diagnosing diseases of the distal radioulnar joint, triangular fibrocartilage complex, and distal ulna. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2014 Jul;203(1):146-53.

Social Media Need friends We can help! Essays - Community Building

Social Media: Need friends? We can help! In the article titled "Technology's Effect", the author Michael Kanters dives into the effects that virtual social interactions have on people, both positive and negative, based on his perspective. Kanters follows a basic form with broad examples that progresses into specific anecdotes. He first acknowledges the obvious problems and most heart warming benefits of social media. Although I agree that social technologies have a negative effect on people in real life, it is too broad and therefore will only be focusing on social media with IO. Social media has more negative impact on an individual's ability to interact with other real people, that such overpower the "benefits" it could provide with its original intended use. The article "Technology's Effect" is an excerpt from a book published in 2010, and although it may not seem like long ago, 2010 was 7 years ago. The perspective on the subject has changed alongside social media itself, for instance "...virtual communities" is no longer in our present vocabulary. Up to about the year the book of this excerpt was published the internet was very different, abundant with many different people trying all sorts of variations of online communities, but "... technological advances [in social Media] cause[d] people to be distracted and increasingly isolated" (Kanters par. 1). When social media is brought up in a conversation people jump into the mentality of one of the four big social medias today: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Snapchat. All others are just websites. Being part of one or more of the said social medias is "... what it means to be social" (Kanters par. 1) in 2017 standards. With social media monopoly on the rise by the biggest of the four, Facebook, people began to become close minded, often forgetting that their phones can access more than just Facebook. This created what we have in the present, phone zombies, people walking around with their backs hunched forward and faces glued down due to prolonged interaction with their phones . People might be reconnecting with long lost relatives in a different country or talking about personal interest with someone they have yet to meet, but they are missing everything that is going on around them. Although we have social media to blame, a major part of the negative effects of social media on people come from other people. As explored by Kanters, social media was intended to make people share themselves and create relationships, but sometime between the creation of social media and today it was lost. The creators do not care what it is used for as long as it generates money, and the more they make people believe social media will make you acquire friends and feel good, the more people they get on board. People often seek social media as a way of "... overcoming a sense of isolation..." (Kanters par. 9). We are forced to see social media as a way for us to explore the world without leaving the couch, therefore making it all seem so vast and unreachable by ourselves. Giving up to the notion, people often opt to simply skip trying to look for face to face connections and jump straight into what was supposed to be the last line of defense against isolation. Social media makes us put ourselves down. Kanters shares an anecdote about WWII veterans finding each other and becoming friends over shared traumatic experiences, "they felt alone and isolated, but that chatroom [made them feel like] they fit again". They were implicitly told, by both people and social media, this is the only way for you to make friends. They have social media to thank, but is it really worth closing ourselves socially in real life hoping to find people that share one thing with us? Social media brings many positive changes to one's life, but unfortunately it brings far more negative side effects that make finding a friend across the globe not worth it. People did it before us, it is not impossible to put the phone down look around and ask a question to the person on your side that could trigger a conversation. Making connections should not be based

SPIDERS Essays - Venomous Spiders, Spider, Arachnid, Spinneret

SPIDERS Michelle Reynolds Pope Science January 06, 1999 Outline Title Introduction: I.The first sub-topic A. Distinctive Characteristics 1.Detail of the external anatomy 2.Detail of the sensory organs B.Circulation and locomotion 1.Detail of the circulitary system 2.Detail of the respiratory system II.The second sub-topic A.Digestion, Venom, and Spider Silk 1.Detail of the digestive system 2.Details of venom and spider silk Conclusion: Spiders are a very special unique and complexed Arachnids Michelle Reynolds Ms. Pope Science January 06, 1999 SPIDERS The word spider came from an Old English verb spinnan. Spinnan means ?to spin.? People in Eroupe see spiders with distaste, in African and in American cultures spiders are respected. Spiders are the most abundant and distinctive of all earthly predators. Most of the time they are not dangerous to us, spiders eat almost always insects and are found in places from the Tundras all the way to the low forrests They play abig job in taking care of the insect population, even the ones that can give us diseases. Distinctive Characteristics Even though insects and spiders belong to the group called, Arthopoda, they look so different from each other so they are put into different classes. The Insects and the Arachnids. Scientists think that these two classes split up thousands of years ago. External Anatomy Spiders come in different sizes, some of them are only 0.1 centimeter long,and some of the are more than 4 inches long. They have two body parts and eight legs. The spiders head and thorax are one body part. The thorax is the chest area of a spider. The abdomen or the stomache is the second body part Each leg has seven sections, and on the tips of many spiders legs are two tiny claws. Spiders that make a web use these claws and their notched hairs, to walk on their webs without sticking to them. Like insects, spiders have a body shell called an exoskeleton. This shell covers the body and the legs and keeps the spider from drying out. Much like our skin is to us. And to support the spider like our bones support us. Spiders even have a skelton inside called the internal skeleton. This is where the muscles attach. Unlike insects, spiders don't have antennaes. They do have two things near their mouths these are called pedipalps. They are used by spiders to handle their food. The palps of a baby male spider look like boxing gloves. When they grow up the palps are used for breeding. Sensory Organs Spiders have eight eyes in two groups and some spiders can see images. Others can't and they have to rely on feel like those on webs. Web weaving spiders eat, breed, and lay their eggs from silk threads. The main part of a spiders senses are two types of hair. The tiny ones have nerves. When these hairs are bent they send information to the brain and may cause it to run away or get ready to attack. They also sense touch, vibration and air flow. The second type of hair are the even tinier one these keep an eye out for pressure changes in the air. Curculation and Locomotion Spiders have an open circulatory system this means that they have no blood vessels or arteries. Instead, the blood oozes between the spiders flesh, and collects in little pockets on the underside of the body. A good circulation is very important to the spiders legs. When spiders don't get enough water, their legs fold up and they can't move them. Respiration Spiders have different kind of respitory systems. Some have a tubular tracheae, some have book lungs, and others have both. They first spiders to live had one or two pairpairs of book lungs. The spiders now days have one pair of book lungs and a pair of tubular tracheae. Digestion Spiders are th only animal to digest their food on the out side of their bodies. The gut of the spider is behind its stomach, and part of it goes into the front legs. This lets the spiders to live for days without eating. Venom Almost all spiders have venom glands. Most spider venoms are not harmful to us, but the black black widow and the brown recluse spiders will poisen us. Spider Silk What makes a spider a spider? They can spin a web. All spiders, even baby ones, have silk glands and spinning organs called spinnerets. The silk glands push the web out and the spinnerets weave the web. Works Cited First reference. The Comptons Interactive Enclopedia CD ROM. Additional reference. The Discovery Channel On-Line on the

Trombone Ensemble essays

Trombone Ensemble essays SWT Trombone Ensemble On the evening of November 11,1999, the Southwest Texas Trombone Ensemble provided an apprehensive crowd with a truly wonderful performance. Starting with Sonata No.1 for Trombone Choir by Evan Copley, the ensemble exhibited fabulous variety in both the note and the speed in which they were playing. This skill mindfully produced a range of emotions, including anxiety and uneasiness. Charles R. Hurt, the conductor of the ensemble, skillfully piloted the ensemble in formulating an eerie feeling. I envisioned a cemetery scene with the light fog, worn tombstones, and mourners draped in black. The mood changed for the better with the arrival of the allegro, bringing with it a sound of a climax which flutters ones emotions. Sonata No.1 concludes climaxing one final time with a abrupt, powerful end. A highly emotional piece by Kazimierz Serocki titled Suita na 4 Puzony flowed placidly interrupted every so often by sounds of concern, as if someone were about to be attac ked by suprise. All the feelings produced in the intrada are subdued by the depressing, dark, cold canone. Its a slow melody of sadness but a sadness of extreme measure. A low pitch adds to the aura of mortality. These two particular feelings, anxiety and gloom, are toyed with throughout. During the arietta, a splendid job was done in building up the final Toccatina. There seemed to be a competition of sorts between the ensemble with sounds coming from each horn individually and sporadically. This effect created quite a frantic and raving atmosphere. To conclude the piece, the ensemble triumphantly came into unison, exploding with sounds of victory for the audience to discuss with one another during intermission. Following the intermission, the terrific trio of Joel Davidson, Joe Kramer, and Mike Lawson performed David Potters Aria ...

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 8

Economics - Essay Example As a way of influencing the demand and supply of money in the economy, the Federal Reserve use either contractionary or expansionary money policy. Because, the interest rates are low there is a high availability of money supply in the economy as a result, there is moderate inflation occurrence that is currently at two percent. As the Fed chairperson, the use of restrictive monetary policy measures ensure s there is a steady flow of money in the economy during the period (Bartolotti, 2006). This is because restrictive monetary policy ensures that there is a higher level of depository interest rate for commercial banksas it borrows money from the Federal Reserve banks as they keep their reserves at the authorized level. In addition, it is critical to increase the open market operations by ensuring the citizens with extra money to save can invest in it because of the highly expected returns leading to money being drained out of the economy. As a result, the banking institutions will cha nge a higher rate as it lends less money with increased reserve requirement thus, individuals will seek alternatives for seeking funds rather than borrowing money. In addition, the government can make investments with the funds collected from open market operations leading to increased gross domestic product (GDP) growth. With an unemployment rate that is quite high, there is a need to carry out measures that will influence the growth of employment levels in the economy. Concerning, the new classical economists notion on unemployment and inflation, they highly advocate for a stable inflation-unemployment trade-off that is achievable through the Phillips curve. Based on the Philips curve the trade off is achievable on the assumption of changes in the price level in the private sector freely. This is because the Philips curve enhances the relationship between inflation and unemployment because of fiscal and monetary policy changes (Knoop, 2004). Nonetheless, the classical economics ar gue based on the conceptualization that the expectations-augmented in the Phillips curve emphasizes that the unemployment rate should not extend further than the natural level as it could lead to increased inflation rates. More significantly, it is critical to implement fiscal and monetary policies to influence employment levels (Knoop, 2004). This is because the economy is recovering from a recession period and the economy tends to grow with the aggregate demand (AD) increasing therefore, the levels of employment will increase. Even though, there is an increased pressure for a raise in wages after rescission, the rate at which the economy grows is faster, and the wages begin to rises slowly. Based on the Philips curve an outward shift of the aggregate demand AD curve because of increased consumer spending causes the equilibrium level of national output to shift to the point Y2 beyond potential gross domestic product (GDP). As a result, this creates a positive output gap, and it is more preferably attributed to cause a rise in inflationary pressure